Carlos Moreno’s concept: all daily needs within 15-min walk/bike. Paris Mayor Hidalgo adopted 2020. COVID accelerated interest in hyper-local living. Critics noted suburban impossibility, equity (who gets amenities?), surveillance concerns. Melbourne, Barcelona, Portland exploring. Mixed-use zoning, bike infrastructure, neighborhood services core to vision.

Sources: Academic urban planning journals, city planning documents, ArchDaily, The Urbanist, Strong Towns blog, CNU publications.