Passwordless Authentication (passkeys) uses biometrics/device authentication instead of passwords, adopted by Apple/Google/Microsoft (2022) via FIDO standard. Promised end to password reuse, phishing, and forgotten passwords. Early adoption slow—users didn’t understand it, backward compatibility required, and changing 30-year-old behavior difficult. Gradually rolling out, but password managers (1Password, Bitwarden) not obsolete yet.
Sources: Passkey Adoption Statistics, FIDO Alliance Reports
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