Intentional communities: private homes, shared common facilities (kitchen, dining, workshops). Danish origins 1970s. US adoption 2000s-2010s. Social connection, aging-in-place, sustainability. Higher upfront costs. Nevada City Cohousing, EcoVillage Ithaca models.
Sources: Academic urban planning journals, city planning documents, ArchDaily, The Urbanist, Strong Towns blog, CNU publications.